Post Processing

Tone mapped HDR images are rarely perfect when the HDR program finishes with them. They can look flat, lack overall contrast, and can suffer from artifacts, ghosting and halos.

 

Many problems can be corrected in post processing using:

• Levels/Curves

• Simple cloning

• Blending of the tone mapped image with another image to restore realism.

  1. Blend the RAW single image with the HDR image. You can blend the 0EV, -2EV or +2EV.

  2. Tone map the RAW image and then blend with the HDR. A pseudo-HDR with the HDR image.

  3. Blend two HDR’s each processed with a different tone map setting.

  4. Blend an HDR image created with a local operator such as Details Enhancer (Photomatix) with an HDR image created with a global operator such as Tone Compressor (Photomatix).

 

Restore Image Contrast

The process that converts the HDR image to an LDR image offers the benefits of added detail however; it comes with a price, a loss of global contrast. The Lincoln Memorial has been tone mapped conservatively to avoid halos and noise, but in spite of light tone mapping, the image looks flat and hazy.

 

BEFORE

 

AFTER

 

Levels

Choose Image > Adjustments > Levels.

Or choose Layer > New Adjustment Layer > Levels. Click OK in the New Layer dialog box

The outer two sliders map the black point and white point and by default are zero for black, and 255 for pure white. Drag the black and white sliders inward until they just begin to touch the main group of pixels. Hold the Alt (Option) key to show clipped pixels when sliding. How far past clipping you move the sliders is a matter of taste, however, it’s good practice to move the sliders to at least the beginning of clipping. Because HDR images have compressed tonal ranges this post processing step is essential for all HDR images.

 

Curves

Choose Image > Adjustments > Curves.

Or choose Layer > New Adjustment Layer > Curves.

To add a point along the curve, click directly on the curve or Ctrl (Cmd)-click a pixel in the image to locate a specific tonal range. Move the point on the Curves line to adjust the tones in the image.

 

For your HDR image the object is to preserve highlights and shadows and add contrast to the mid-tones by creating a minor “S” shape to the line.

 

 

 

 

 

Blue Skies and Halos

“I’m into mad-crazy compression but when I have a blue sky it doesn’t look to good.”
The best way to deal with the halo problem is blending the HDR image with one of the source images.  

Here is the Lincoln Memorial with dramatic compression from a high strength setting in Photomatix. The best way to correct the problem is using layer/mask in Photoshop and blend the –2EV image with the tone mapped image.

But why the -2EV image? Choose the source image based on good exposure of the needed area. I need the exposure with the best blue sky and that happens to be the -2EV image.

Here is the -2EV image. Notice that this is a pretty high contrast scene due a low angle of the sun refecting off the white memorial. Everything looks pretty bad except the sky.

Blending the sky in the Single -2EV image with the HDR image

1. Open both images in Photoshop
2. Drag the –2EV image over the HDR image, hold the Shift key during the dragging to center the image. Check the alignment by zooming in and clicking the eye icon in the top layer. Use the Move Tool or arrow keys if needed.
3. From the –2EV layer select the sky using the Magic Wand Tool. Uncheck “contiguous” and set tolerance to about 20. The Shift key adds to the selection and the Alt(Option) key subtracts from the selection.
4. After you have selected all of the sky then feather the selection. In CS3 use the new Refine Edge command to feather the selection, otherwise just feather anywhere from 1-10 pixels. You might have to use the History feature and try a different feather amount so don’t stress over the number you choose.
5. Click the Add Layer Mask button in the layers palette (circle inside square) and presto it all comes together.
6. Inspect the feathered area and redo if needed with a different feather amount.
7. Save final image.

 

So there you have it. The sky of the -2EV image blended with the HDR image. 

 

 

 

 

SOFT Blend HDR image with Single 0EV image

 

     

 

A common occurrence in HDR images is graying or darkening of features that should be white. Here the water flowing in the Potomac River looks muddy compared to the single 0EV image. I decided it would look better to brighten the water to add contrast and make it look cleaner.

 

Here’s the Layer palette with the 0EV image and a Layer Mask. Notice the Layer Mask is not painted pure white in the area of the water. If it had, 100% of the 0EV water would show rather than a blend of the two. This is similar to the above steps.

1. Open both images in Photoshop
2. Drag the 0EV over the HDR image; hold the Shift key during the dragging to center the image. Check the alignment by zooming in and clicking the eye icon in the top layer. Use the Move Tool or arrow keys if needed.
3. If I prefer to get a mix of both images, I can change the Opacity % in the Layers Palette. In this case a Layer Mask is not needed.
4. Add a black Layer Mask by holding the Alt (Option) key while clicking on Add layer mask. This is a good step to commit to memory. It works for lots of blending.
5. This will allow you to “see through” the entire top layer.
6. Using a soft brush, paint the water of the 0EV image with WHITE allowing the 0EV water to appear. This is a fun type of blending. Just keep your finger on the “x” key and use the other hand to paint away. If something is not right just press “x” to paint over the mistake.
7. I could have used a technique similar to the waterfall image by painting in black but it would have been much more work to paint the sky, trees and rocks. In this example, it’s easier to first create an all black mask then paint with white.
8. Save the final image.

    

 

 

The final image is a soft blend of the HDR image and the 0EV image.

 

SHARP Blend of HDR image with Single Image

The Potomac River blending calls for the use of a SOFT edge or a gradual blending of the two images. If your blending edge needs to be SHARP, which could be for a building, a sign, a car or boat then you can use the Polygonal Lasso Tool and a hard edge Brush to select the area. This method isn’t so carefree like we found in the soft blend, it can be more tedious and time consuming.

 

   

 

The left image is the HDR image from 5 images @ 1EV spacing and the right image is the single -2EV image tone mapped in Photomatix. Although I like both, the HDR image has a halo and blown pixels in the sky, and the -2EV image is full of noise in the boat hull. The solution is to blend the good parts of each image. The sky of the -2EV will be blended into the HDR image along a sharp line.

 

1. Begin by dragging the Single Image over the HDR image.

2. You now have two layers a background and Layer 1. (I’ve renamed them HDR image Extreme TM and the Single Image Tone Mapped).

 

 

MAKE THE SELECTION

STEP 1

1. Choose the Polygonal Lasso Tool for staight lines. Zoom in and follow the lines to select. Press the Space Bar to drag the image to a new position.

2. Hold the Shift-key to add to the selection or the Alt(Option)-key to subtract from the selection.

 

 

 

 

STEP 2

Once I select all my straight line sections I can begin selecting curved and odd shaped regions.

1. Change to Quick Mask mode – bottom of Tool Bar is a square with circle in it. Click it and the UNselected areas turn red.

2. Choose a Paint Brush with Hard Edge and paint the curved areas using White.

3. If you over-shoot the selection just hit the “X” key to change from white to Black.

4. After creating the hard edge selection it needs to be feathered. Go to Select>Feather(CS2) or Select>Modify>Feather (CS3). Set the feather amount to about 1-10 pixels, I usually go very low for a first try.

 

 

 

 

NOTE: CS3 has a new selection tool that is really worth the price of admission. It’s called the Quick Selection Tool and it’s located on the main tool bar with the Magic Wand Tool. All you have to do is drag the tool near the edge of the feature you want to select and it builds the selection as you go. It’s spot on about 90% of the time and if it misses just use the above techniques to add or take away from the selection. 

 

 

 

SELECTION COMPLETE!

 

Ok, now the ship and dock is selected. I didn’t worry about selecting the scaffolding around the boat and other minor features that have the sky as the background because they look the same in both images.

1. In the Layers palette choose the upper layer if you are not there already, it will be blue.

2. Click on the layer mask icon (the square with circle). Hold the alt-key while clicking the icon will make the selection black. Anything black on the upper layer becomes a “window” to the layer under it.

 

NOTE: It’s sometimes hard to know if you need to hold the Alt-key while clicking the layer mask icon. Fortunately, you can go to the history window and back out any wrong choices. I do it all the time.

 

 

 

That’s it!  The final image is a blend of the HDR image and the sky of the -2EV image.

 

 

 

 

Blending Two HDR images

It’s possible to create two different tone mapped HDR images of the same scene and then take the good parts of each image and blend them. When tone mapping an image it’s not unusual for a particular compression setting to look great for one part of an image but not another. In this example, I’ve not only created two different tone mapped images but I’ve used two different programs to do it – Photomatix and FDRTools.

FDRTools does a very good job of creating strong local contrast enhancements and Photomatix is very good with blue skies. The basic approach is to use the canyon from FDRTools and the sky from Photomatix. Each image undergoes an entirely different compression scheme. The canyon scene is highly compressed which causes the sky to develop problems with vignetting, noise, and posterization. Notice the high values for compression and contrast for the FDRTools image. Conversely, in Photomatix the sky scene is lightly compressed with minimum contrast and maximum smoothing. This compression scheme creates a noise free sky with smooth tonal gradations.

 

 

 

FDRTools – Compressor for maximum Crispyness in the canyon

Compression 9.0 (high setting)*******

Contrast 6.5

Smoothing 1.3 (low setting)*******

Photomatix – Details Enhancer for maximum smoothing of sky. The goal is a noise-free sky.

Strength 50 (low setting)*******

Color Saturation 80

Light Smoothing 0

Luminosity 0

Micro-contrast –2 (low setting)*******

Micro-smoothing 30 (high setting)*******

White Clip 0.00%

Black Clip 0.00%

 

 

Blending two HDR images is the same as blending any other image set.

1. Open both images in Photoshop
2. Drag the Sky Photomatix image over the Canyon FDRTools image; hold the Shift key during the dragging to center the image. Check the alignment by zooming in and clicking the eye icon in the top layer. Use the Move Tool or arrow keys if needed.
3. From the Sky Photomatix layer select the sky using the Magic Wand Tool. Uncheck “contiguous” and set “tolerance” to about 20. The Shift key adds to the selection and Alt(option) key subtracts from the selection.
4. After you have selected all of the sky then feather the selection. In CS3 use the new Refine Edge command to feather the selection, otherwise just feather anywhere from 1-10 pixels.
5. Click the Add Layer Mask button in the layers palette to reveal the Canyon FDRTools image.
6. Inspect the feathered area and redo if needed with a different feather amount.
7. Save final image.

 

 

Hey thank you for checking out this tutorial. Check back, I update my blog often. New stuff on the way!