Ghost Repair

Ghosts - Don’t be Afraid
If you shoot enough image sets and merge them to HDR you’ll eventually have to deal with ghosting. Ghosting occurs when an object in the scene was in motion during exposure of the image set. Each image records the object in motion in a different position and the final HDR image will display the object in a ”rubber stamp” look.

This article addresses methods to deal with ghosting. There are basically two methods to reduce ghosting: during shooting and during post-processing.

During Shooting
1. Shoot in continuous mode.
2. If your camera allows you to set order of bracketing choose: Meter, Under, Over. This is better than Under, Meter, Over. Why? Merging just the Under and Over exposure is often a good alternative and if they are shot back to back then motion is minimized.

During Post-Processing
Create the HDR image (use Ghost reduction) then blend one of the single exposures into the HDR image. But which is the best single exposure? The answer is to choose the best exposure of the ghosted object. Sometimes, however, you may favor a particular image based on the position or look of the object in motion. This is ok but you may have to deal with a poor exposure that introduces noise. 

Here’s a five image set that captures the full dynamic range of the scene. It was shot hand-held in continuous shooting mode.

In the shaded area the people walking have ghosted and destroyed the details in the HDR image.

The best single image to use for blending is the +2EV image as it captures most of the details in the shaded area. The top image is the HDR image and the bottom image is the single +2EV image that was tone mapped using the same settings as the HDR image. Had I preferred any other single exposure of the image set (0EV, -2EV, -1EV, +1EV) I would have to deal with the potential for noise.

 

Drag the +2EV image over the HDR image (hold the shift key to center).
Click on Add Layer Mask -  hold Alt(Option) key while clicking to fill mask with black
Paint ghosted area with White to reveal the detail in the “Single Plus 2EV” Layer
To show the masked area in pink there is a neat little trick - press the “\” key.
Notice the masked area includes some of the underside of the awning - I did that to eliminate some noise seen when zoomed in.

Here is the final HDR image with the ghost problem repaired. Remember that ghost repair may require another single image - for example the 0EV for the leaves in the tree.

Beach Surf
For this scene along the beach in Australia I took 5 images at 1EV spacing. Tripod and continuous shooting mode was used. I decided to minimize ghosting in the final HDR image by only merging 3 of the 5 images, the 0EV, +1EV and -2EV. I chose the +1EV because it captured the best position of the swash onto the beach.

Notice the ghosting in the swash - you can pick out the 3 exposures - the first is the 0EV, the second is the -2EV and is just a fine line due to the faster shutter speed and the last is my favorite exposure which is the +1EV.

 

Here is the ghost repair:
1. Background is the HDR image with ghosting.
2. “Plus 2EV image” layer is the tone mapped single +2EV exposure. See black mask with white.
3. “Bi-Color Violet/Pink” layer. I added this layer simply for a color cast.

The final image with ghosting removed from the swash.